This title offers a revealing and provocative look at the current state of global science. We take the advance of science as given. But how does it work? Is it as healthy as we think? How does the system shape what scientists do? This book sheds light on a cutthroat and tightly tensioned enterprise that even scientists themselves often don't fully understand. It describes a complex scientific ecosystem that has become the most competitive free-market environment on the planet. It reveals the ecosystem's size, what motivates its participants, who reaps the rewards, and why globalization and growth are not necessarily good for science. It portrays a race for limited resources that determines which careers, research visions, and vested interests win. The volume explains why this hypercompetitive environment is stifling the diversity of research and the resiliency of science itself, and why new ideas are needed to ensure that the scientific enterprise remains healthy and vibrant.