What does it mean for the Christian doctrine of the Fall if there was no historical Adam? If humanity emerged from nonhuman primates-as genetic, biological, and archaeological evidence seems to suggest-then what are the implications for a Christian understanding of human origins, including the origin of sin? This book gathers a multidisciplinary, ecumenical team of scholars to address these difficult questions and others like them from the perspectives of biology, theology, history, Scripture, philosophy, and politics.