This book comprehensively describes essential research and projects on climate change and biodiversity. and includes contributions on how to promote the climate agenda and biodiversity conservation at the local level. Climate change as a whole and global warming in particular are known to have a negative impact on biodiversity in three ways: increases in temperatures are detrimental to a number of organisms; the pressures posed by a changing climate may lead to sets of responses in areas as varied as phenology, range and physiology of living organisms, often leading to changes in their lifecycles, losses in productivity or even death or species endangerment; and impacts will be felt in the short term, but also in the medium and long term in many biomes. If left unchecked, some impacts may be irreversible. Governments, financial institutes and international donors are currently spending billions addressing climate change and biodiversity, but with little coordination. Often, the emphasis is more on adaptation efforts, and less on the connections between physio-ecological changes and the lifecycles and metabolisms of fauna and flora, or the influence of poor governance on biodiversity. As such, there is a recognized need to not only better understand the impacts of climate change on biodiversity, but to also identify, test and implement measures aimed at managing the many risks that climate change poses to fauna, flora and micro-organisms. In particular, the question of restoration of ecosystems from the impact of climate change is also urgent, and this book addresses this. The respective papers explore matters related to the use of an ecosystem-based approach to increase local adaptation capacity, consider the significance of a protected areas network in preserving biodiversity in a changing northern European climate, and assess the impacts of climate change on specific species, including wild terrestrial animals. The book includes a variety of case studies.