Determination of the cause of injury or disease is a key issue in virtually all criminal and civil actions, and one that is often vigorously contested. This book presents the legal and scientific theories underlying the methods by which risk is used in the investigation of individual causation. The title is geared towards legal, forensic, and scientific communities involved in the evaluation of specific causal relationships and it provides historical perspective on how epidemiologic evidence of causation has been used in U.S. and European courts.