This overview of grading research distills the evidence into meaningful findings and strategies that can be leveraged to improve grading policy and practice. Grading is hotly debated in education, and grading practices themselves are largely based on tradition, instinct, or personal history or philosophy. But to be effective, grading policies and practices must be based on trustworthy research. This book offers the most comprehensive review of 100+ years of grading research available, with clear takeaways for learning and teaching. This indispensable guide features thoughtful, thorough dives into the research from a distinguished team of scholars, geared to a broad range of stakeholders, including teachers, school leaders, policymakers, and researchers. Each chapter addresses a different area of grading research and describes how major findings in that area might be leveraged to improve grading policy and practice. The book highlights four themes that emerge from the research.