How do ordinary men and women in Muslim-majority societies create religion-informed views of political topics such as democracy and economics? This book provides a groundbreaking approach to understanding the depth and variety of political attitudes held by people who consider themselves to be pious Muslims. Using survey data on religious preferences and behavior, the authors argue for the relevance and importance of four outlook categories-religious individualist, social communitarian, religious communitarian, and post-Islamist-and use these to explore complex and nuanced attitudes of devout Muslims toward issues like democracy and economic distribution. They also reveal how intrafaith variation in political attitudes is not due simply to doctrinal differences but is also a product of the social aspects of religious association operating within political contexts. By highlighting the dynamic societal and political implications of religious devotion, this work offers a fascinating new theoretical perspective on Islam and politics.